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              <text>scroll, Gevil parchment</text>
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                <text>MS 1011, Leviticus 10:11 to 16:11</text>
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                <text>MS1011 consists of four separate sheets of parchment joined together by sewing through the use of a sinew. Each panel is written in the hand of a different scribe, with some portions being newer than others. The oldest is about 200 years old, while the newest is about 85.&#13;
The scroll exhibits a mix of three separate writing hands –  Yemenite, Iraqi and North African. These were very likely joined together in the land of Israel. The last panel of text exhibits the use of Tagin (Crownlets), while the other sections do not. The text is written in a format of 51 lines per column. A doubled letter PEH or “Peh Kefulah” can be noted on the word “Pnei Hakaporet.”</text>
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                <text>Howard B. Singer</text>
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                <text>Claimed Age: 450 years. More likely 85 to 200 years.</text>
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              <text>scroll, Gevil parchment</text>
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                <text>MS 1052, Exodus 26:33 to 30:14</text>
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                <text>This Torah fragment comes from an Iraqi scroll. It contains four columns of text written on a rich golden tan gevil. Its text details the design of the priestly&#13;
vestments to be worn when performing the service in the desert tabernacle.&#13;
This scroll is described as originally coming from Persia. However, its writing is typical of that of Baghdad. The parchment is double-ruled and formatted to contain 54 lines per column. The script is written with a sharp reed with just a hair’s breadth separating between each letter.&#13;
Typical of this writ are the MEMs with their VAVs "stuck" to the body of the letter. Likewise, the GIMMELs have their bottom feet stuck to the lower extremity of the letter. The text also exhibits the adoption of newer writing conventions like the YUDs with the "prickle" of Rabennu Tam and CHETs with a pitched roof. Tagin are thin and well delineated with each crownlet shaped like a miniature letter ZAYIN. The parchment and ink remain in very good condition despite their age.</text>
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                <text>Claimed Age: 150 years.</text>
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                <text>MS 1056, Genesis 50:14 to Exodus 4:11</text>
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                <text>MS1056 consists of four columns of text removed from a 300 year old Torah Scroll from Iraq. The text covers the end chapters of the Book of Genesis and the first four chapters of the Book of Exodus. Written on rich golden brown Gevil, the hide still retains some of its natural moisture and original flexibility. The ink remains jet black and in relatively good condition despite its age with slight powdering occurring toward the bottom margins. The text is formatted to contain 48 lines per column. These are not arranged in an Amudei VAV format. The script employs the use of the traditional TAGIN (crownlets). These are shaped in straight line fashion, and not in the shape of a miniature letter ZAYIN. Typical of the script is the employment of the CHET of Rashi, GIMMELS with their feet stuck to the body of the letter, and ZADEs with the top right YUD reversed and facing down. Likewise, all YUDS following a letter NUN are scribed to hover over the foot of the preceding NUN.</text>
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                <text>Claimed Age: 350 years. More likely 300 years.</text>
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