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The Western tradition of philosophy began in Greece with a cluster of thinkers often called the Presocratics. All these thinkers are discussed in this volume both as individuals and collectively in chapters on specific topics.

The Homeric Hymn to Demeter, composed in the late seventh or early sixth century B.C.E., is a key to understanding the psychological and religious world of ancient Greek women. The poem tells how Hades, lord of the underworld, abducted the goddess…

"Damascius was head of the Neoplatonist academy in Athens when the Emperor Justinian shut its doors forever in 529. His work, Problems and Solutions Concerning First Principles, is the last surviving independent philosophical treatise from the Late…